Radio Movie Review - 578 Words

The Movie â€Å"Radio† is said to be based on a true story, and although most of the story was true, there were quite a lot of differences between the movie and real life events. There were changes that had to be made simply because of the time period that the movie was set in. There were things that had to be left out or condensed in order to keep the story short enough to make it into a film. There were also events added that did not actually happen but were used to create a more exciting movie. Many things needed to be changed slightly to make filming easier. One change was the location. Although Anderson, South Carolina was the real town, It looked too modern so it was decided to use another South Carolina town called Walterboro. Walterboro still had an older feel to it and required less work to make it look like 1976, when the film was set. The film makers had the same sort of problem when choosing a school. The real High school, T L Hanna HS in Anderson had also been modernized, and even the high school in Walterboro looked a bit too modern. It was decided to split filming between a local elementary school and The University of South Carolina-Salkehatchie and a few other local stadiums. The effect was a realistic sixties and seventies look. Achieving this look would have been very expensive in Hollywood. Even though a lot of downtown Walterboro had to be almost completely remade to resemble 1960s/1970s Anderson, this was still a lot cheaper, and less time consuming Show MoreRelatedCadillac Records1086 Words   |  5 Pagesbriefly shows Mick Jagger, from The Rolling Stones near the end of the film, and occasionally Howlin Wolf and Hubert Sumlin make an appearance. 　　The movie first introduces the main characters. Leonard Chess is portrayed to audience as an ambitious young man. His parents were polish immigrants, and he dreams of being successful and rich. As the movie progresses and he is shown to be a competent businessman; and he also seems to care for the musicians that he works with, especially Muddy. A few minutesRead MoreFilm Review : Radio 1654 Words   |  7 PagesSummary: â€Å"Radio† the film released in 2003 was directed by Michael Tollin, is about the story of a mentally disabled black man. The film is set in a small town of South Carolina in the period of 1970s. The movie starts with the scene of main character, called Radio who is pushing a cart in the street going on his rounds in streets of town. People around him in streets show annoyance and resentment as he passes by but Radio is walking though as if it is part of his daily routine. Gooding named JamesRead MoreRadio Days : Film Analysis1151 Words   |  5 PagesWhile the movie Radio Days lacks a clear plot and a theme, it is still, nevertheless, a wonderful film that revolves around a typical American family, and their constant use of the radio. Written, directed and narrated by the renowned comedian Woody Allen, the film occurs during the late 1930s to the late 1940s, and thus it is no surprise that World War 2 and other major events during that time period play a tremendous role in the events that transpired in the film. The setting of this film was RockawayRead MorePopular Culture in Todays Society946 Words   |  4 Pages Pop culture greatly influences what people choose to do, such as: where to eat, what to buy, where to go on vacation, or what music music to listen to. We have all heard an advertisement on the radio for the local restaurants or heard our favorite musician telling us which radio station we should listen to. What about our favorite celebrity boasting about which store they buy their clothes from? We see these people being adored by the public and want to be like them. So weRead MoreEssay on Book Review: Daily Life in the United States, 1920-19401194 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review: Daily Life in the United States, 1920-1940 The way Americans lived their lives was drastically changed between the years of 1920 and 1940. Many different events and advances in technology happened within the country during this time period. Events such as the stock market crash in 1929, the dust bowl of the 1930’s, and, due to an increase in urbanization, the uprising of major cities. Also advances in technology transpired, such as the invention of the radio and Henry Ford’s assemblyRead MoreEssay about Movie Review of The Fisher King576 Words   |  3 PagesMovie Review of The Fisher King Jack, a cynical Manhattan disc jockey plunges into a suicidal depression when one of his outrageous comments inspires a crazed listener to shoot seven people in a fashionable nightspot. Redemption comes in the form of a derelict, ex-history professor named Parry whose wife was one of those killed by the sniper. Parry heads a gang of loony homeless people in the search for what he believes to be the Holy Grail. Jack helps Parry in hisRead MoreEssay Responsibilities of the Media1579 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-biased and non-critical. The news keeps us informed about what is going on in and around the world, investigating stories and delivering information to a large and diverse audience. The media channels news through television, radio, newspapers, internet, and other products that reach people, groups, and societies. Not only does the news play an investigative role or cover entertainment, but spends time in sustaining democracy, by covering stories in volatile countriesRead MoreMovie Marketing1404 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Marketing Case I would like to analyze the movie marketing before the launch using the model 8. 1 Simple communications model, 8.5 Advertising essentials and 8.2 AIDA and the promotion mix. Before the movie is launched the movie marketers have to communicate with their target audience. According to the model Advertising essentials, the message of the marketers has to go through the creative team and media before it reaches the audience. Based on module Simple communications model, in theRead MoreGood Night, and Good Luck Movie Review1234 Words   |  5 Pagesthe power of the media. The means of communication has the resources and the views to be able to influence an entire nation. The viewers give the news respect, and believe in what they see or hear on the news or news type programs. The television, radio, and newspapers have the trust of the population to give them accurate date and facts, not what the government wants to supply or release only. This means that even if the reality is not what the public would want to hear at first, it is what theyRead MoreThe Butterfly Effect, and A Sound of Thunder by Ray Bradbury1138 Words   |  5 Pageshis father’s old h am radio. He talks to a man who is conversing with him about the 1969 World Series. It is then that John realizes that he is speaking with Frank thirty years in the past. John gives Frank some advice that keep him alive in the warehouse fire. This change, although good for the time being, cause the Nightingale Killer, a serial Killer, now of nine women, has killed John’s mother and Frank’s wife, Julia Sullivan. (O’Connel, David. 2008.) For the rest of the movie, John and Frank race

Personal Statement on Child Development - Developmental Psychology

My fascination with childhood development has grown out of my on-going studies in the area of psychology.   Due to be graduating from the University of Athens this summer, having completed my studies in Psychology from the department of Philosophy, Pedagogy and Psychology, I am keen to continue my studies by undertaking a MSc in Developmental Psychology.   To me, it seems like a natural choice as I enjoy working with children and find my experiences with them to have been amongst the most rewarding of my life.   I have also successfully completed a number of courses at The Institute of Behaviour Research and Therapy including Acquaintance Course in Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy and Acquaintance Course in Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy of Children and Adolescence.   Through these courses, my interest in developmental psychology grew exponentially and I feel that the choice of these courses also demonstrates my commitment to this subject. My interest in developmental psychology revolves around a number of key areas including the biological contributions to development and also individual differences in development particularly in relation to external contributions.   By this, I mean the impact of environmental, genetic, parental and post-natal factors.   It fascinates me how children are all created and born in (largely) the same way and through the same means of procreation and yet each and every one of us develops into a different person with an individual appearance and personality.   I am captivated by the different theories and considerations as to why this happens.   In the same vein, I am fascinated by the genetic differences that we experience and have explored this through my volunteer work in the last six months with the charity, Cerebral Palsy Greece.   I believe that my enthusiasm for this area can only continue to grow as it has done already – in leaps and bounds.

Ceiba Was the Maya Symbol of the Universe

The Tinker V. Des Moines Independent School District...

One of the most well-known Supreme Cases involving student rights was the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District decision of 1969. The verdict quickly became a precedent for many other decisions involving school issues and is very relevant today. In December of 1965, students attending Des Moines Public Schools held a meeting at Christopher Eckhardt s house to conduct a plan to show their support for a truce in the ongoing Vietnam War. They resolved to wear black armbands during the holiday season and also to fast on December 16 and on New Years. The principals at the school received word of the plan, and on December 14, they established a policy that banned armbands in school. Anyone who refused to remove the armband at a teacher’s request would be suspended. However, this did not deter Mary Beth Tinker and Christopher Eckhardt, who, on December 16, wore their armbands and were sent home. John Tinker did the same thing the next day and was immediately sent home. None of them returned to school until after New Years. Their fathers then sued the schools for violating their children s right to freedom of expression. However, the District Court dismissed the case, and the US Court of Appeals affirmed the decision, because of this, the families appealed to the Supreme Court. The children’s right to free speech was being violated. They argued that their protesting of the war was within the confines of the First Amendment. Since their wearing of the bands did notShow MoreRelatedTinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesoutline if exercises of free speech and expression are constitutional or unconstitutional. One of the most paramount 1st amendment cases is that of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969). This significant case helped shape the extension of symbolic speech, as well as ensure the freedom of speech and expression to students in schools. In December 1965, a group of Iowa residents, both adults and children, gathered to discuss ways in which they could protest American involvementRead MoreTinker Vs. Des Moines1399 Words   |  6 PagesCase Name: Tinker vs. Des Moines (1969) Facts of the case: In December of 1965, a group of Des Moines students held a meeting at 16-year-old Christopher Eckhardt’s house to plan a public showing of their support for a truce in the Vietnam war. They came to the decision that they would wear black armbands during the holiday season and fast on December 16 as well as New Year’s Eve. When the principals of the Des Moines school learned about the plan, they met on December 14 to create a policy statingRead MoreTinker V. Des Moines Independent Community School3253 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract In 1969, a group of students filed a lawsuit against their school district claiming that their First Amendment rights were violated because the school district wrote a policy that prohibited them from wearing black armbands in a silent protest of the Vietnam War. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) ruled that students are entitled to their First Amendment rights as long as they are not causing a disruption to the school environment. This paper outlines theRead MoreThe Supreme Court Case Tinker V. Des Moines1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines originated in Iowa in December 1965 when seven Des Moines high school students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War. Ultimately they were suspended in which the student’s fathers sued the school district. The court case battled through the District Court, Court of Appeals, and Supreme Court. The ultimate ruling was that Des Moines School District violated the students First Amendment rights. Years later, in Oregon in 1990, teachers aRead MoreFreedom of Religion and Freedom of Expression: Tinker V. Des Moines1404 Words   |  6 PagesWhat if you were suspended from school because of something you were wearing? Not only was the clothing or item appropriate, it was something you were fighting for or something you believe is right. Is this fair or okay for this to happen? There is a specific incident that this situation happened to a few teenagers in Des Moines, Iowa in December of 1965. A group of students wanting to wear black armbands throughout the holiday season was in for a wake up call. (FORTAS) These plans and or idea wereRead MoreNew Jersey V. Case Analysis731 Words   |  3 Pages New Jersey v. T. L. O. Maggie Anderson EDL 606 Judicial and Ethical Considerations April 25, 2015 William Carey University â€Æ' New Jersey v. T. L. O. Introduction Of Case: New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) is a court case heard and ruled on by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case dealt with the constitutionality of the search of a public school student after she had gotten caught smoking in a public school bathroom. The search provided evidence of drug paraphernalia, marijuanaRead MoreThe United States Constitution Is The Backbone Of Our Country1861 Words   |  8 Pagesframework from which all other laws have stemmed. The Constitution, however, is not a concrete document. Laws are flexible. Law can become specifically tricky in a school setting and. There have been hundreds of court cases throughout our country’s history involving schools that have set precedents on Constitutional rights in public schools. The First Amendment of the Constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;Read MoreTinker V Des Moines Case769 Words   |  4 PagesTinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District 393 U.S. 503 It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate. This was the main argument from Justice Abe Fortas that came into play at the Tinker v. Des Moines School District Case of 1969. The case involved a small group of students who silently dissented against the government’s policy during the ongoing Vietnam War by wearing blackRead MoreU7A1 Supreme Court Cases1406 Words   |  6 PagesSupreme Court Cases Supreme Court Case #1: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969) Background: 1965 three students from Des Moines, Iowa (15 year old John Tinker; his sister, 13 year Mary Beth Tinker; and a friend, 16 year old Christopher Eckhardt), opposing the Vietnam War came up with a plan to wear black arm bands to their respective schools. The arm bands were to serve the purposes of symbolizing a protest against the Vietnam War. School officials got wind of the children’s protestRead MoreReligion And The First Amendment834 Words   |  4 PagesReligion and the First Amendment in Schools Recently, students were instructed to write an essay along with a pictorial representation of the person they considered to be their hero. Since one student chose Jesus as his hero and submitted a drawing of the Last Supper, possible legal complications need to be considered before grading and displaying the assignment. An examination of First Amendment legal issues that arise when a student submits an assignment of religious nature will provide insight

The Guide Of The Perplexed - 1500 Words

Summary of The Guide of the Perplexed Maimonides is a twelfth century, Jewish philosopher, and author of The Guide of the Perplexed. In the essay, Maimonides explains how educated individuals with knowledge of the divine science are to understand God’s secrets. He states that the secrets are explained through parables and riddles. Those who explain the secrets cannot fully describe them so they must use obscure language. Educated men in Maimonides’ essay have knowledge manifested to them through God by lightning flashes that are dictated by how willing the men are to allow themselves have a more internal understanding of the knowledge presented to them. Maimonides’ treatise is meant to clarify the meanings of the prophecies used in the books of prophecy for those men who have studied philosophy and religion. Equivocal terms are open to one or more meanings while univocal means when a word only has one meaning. Derivative terms are words that are derived from another or root word of the same meaning. Lastly, amphibolous terms are words that are either univocal or equivocal. (5) While the treatise is meant to explain those terms, in no way is it supposed to be an explanation for the books of prophecy for the scripturally uneducated or â€Å"vulgar†. Maimonides states that while the men who have studied scripture and God are perplexed as they try to understand the above-mentioned terms, it is their decision to either allow or deny themselves to be drawn to try to understand bothShow MoreRelatedThe Guide For The Perplexed2603 Words   |  11 PagesThe Guide for the Perplexed is in a separate category different from the pu rely religious original commentary in the Mishneh Torah. It is highly regarded as a major philosophical text in truth, however it will be better and more correct to call it a theological treatise. It seeks to reconcile the Jewish faith and religion with the challenges against it from philosophic and scientific texts at the time, specifically the system of Aristotle and his followers. A great deal of its contents overlap withRead MoreAnalysis Of Maimonides s The Guide Of The Perplexed 1394 Words   |  6 PagesMaimonides was a 12th-century Jewish philosopher who later went on to become one of the most influential scholars of the Middle Ages. Maimonides is the author of The Guide of the Perplexed, an essay written to help an educated individual understand the search for knowledge and the differences existing between divine and natural science. Maimonides believes that knowledge is not for those who know nothing about philosophy, but rather those who have practiced philosophy for som e time. Using the metaphorRead MoreMoses Maimonides : A Scholar Of The Middle Ages Who Decoded1497 Words   |  6 PagesMAIMONIDES Moses Maimonides, widely known as RaMBaM was a scholar of the Middle Ages who decoded, translated and created major Jewish texts, which much of Judaism has foundations on. Through his works, namely the Commentary of the Mishnah, the Guide for the Perplexed, and the Mishneh Torah, Maimonides aided the Jewish community through the clarifications of beliefs, the challenge of questioning one’s beliefs, maintaining relevances to the Jewish community and shaped interactions within and between JudaismRead MoreRabbi Moshe Ben Maimon, A Jewish Scholar, Astrologer And Physician Of The Twelfth Century1407 Words   |  6 PagesWritten next, Guide for the Perplexed was a collection of philosophical texts that addressed fundamental concepts within Judaism and religion itself. Within the texts Maimonides discussed the dichotomy of good and evil, the nature of God and anthropomorphisms within the Bible, and paralleled religious creationism and Aristotle’s metaphysical studies concerni ng how the world came into being. As a Rational Humanist, one of the core ideas Maimonides expressed within Guide for the Perplexed was that logicalRead MoreIntelligent Clinicians Guide To The Dsm-5 Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesthat what the DSM really is? Or, is really only a rough draft of diagnoses based on the supposed consensus of experts? This seems to be the question that drives the explanation and critique forwarded by Dr. Joel Paris in The Intelligent Clinician’s Guide to the DSM-5 ®. A good place to start is to envision a mental disorder as similar to that of a medical diagnosis; viz., that both require scientific classification. However, the differences arise in that mental disorders lack the more fundamental understandingRead MoreDivine Love In The Inferno1232 Words   |  5 PagesDante’s masterwork, The Divine Comedy, Dante traverse through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. He is lead through the inferno by the ancient poet Virgil, and while Virgil is still present as a guide through Purgatory, there is a defined shift in his role. Through Inferno, he is without a doubt a knowledgeable guide, whilst in Purgatorio, Virgil walks behind Dante and often relies on the souls ascending Mount Purgatory to help led the way. Dante uses this shift, and the allegorical representation of VirgilRead MorePlato s Meno : True Opinion Vs.983 Words   |  4 Pagesthat could be applied to all people across all spectrums. Socrates made the evaluation that Meno was attempting to define virtue through his opinion of what virtue was rather than through knowledge, and that was one of the contributing factors that perplexed the two men in coining a singular definition of virtue. During the argument, Socrates uses metaphors and other analogies to demonstrate the similarities and differences between true opinion and knowledge. Socrates utilized the metaphor of DaedalusRead MoreSummary : Take Home Exam Essay1766 Words   |  8 Pages[footnoteRef:3] [0: Shapiro, Scott. (2007) The Hart-Dworkin debate: A Short Guide for the Perplexed. Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 77 (March 2007) ] [1: Dworkin, Ronald. (1967) The Models of Rules I. as quoted in Shapiro, Scott. (2007) The Hart-Dworkin debate: A Short Guide for the Perplexed. pp. 9 ] [2: Ibid. pp 9] [3: Shapiro, Scott. (2007) The Hart-Dworkin debate: A Short Guide for the Perplexed. Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper Series, Working Paper NoRead More U.S Human Rights Intervention Essay650 Words   |  3 Pagesor not because this will continue to ensure that the U.S. plays a major role in shaping other countries foreign policy and remaining a key player in wor ld politics. Editor and Author, Robert Kagan maintains in his book, â€Å"American Power – A guide for the perplexed† that American â€Å"national interests† need to be interpreted broadly to take into account the country’s position as world leader. Intervening only where our interests are involved will make other countries suspicious in their dealings withRead MoreJesus And The Politics Of Interpretation816 Words   |  4 Pagesrather, â€Å"it is a sustained rhetorical inquiry into the scholarly discourses that produce the Historical-Jesus as an article of trade and an object of spiritual consumption in the global capitalist market†. (Fiorenza 13) The Historical Jesus: A Guide for the Perplexed by Helen K. Bond is a supplement to Fiorenza as it is full of the quests which Fiorenza desires to challenge. The Historical-Jesus as a â€Å"symbolic scholarly construct and as an ideologically produced subject† allows elite men to be in a position

Church Split During Middle Ages free essay sample

Ultimately, the cause of the Great Schism of 1054 was a question of who was the highest authority. The underlying reasons why there was a split, however, developed in earliest beginnings of the Church. In those days the Church was never completely unified, and several of the original organizations, such as the Coptic Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches, which date from ancient times, still exist as separate entities. By far, the largest body of the Church was the one centered in Rome, which from ancient times was made up of two main groups of people, one speaking Latin and one speaking Greek. Latin was the language of the administrative center in Rome. Greek, however, was the original language of much of the New Testament. The linguistic difference was part of a foundation of a split that developed more, and not always for reasons that had anything to do with religious doctrine. Like the Church, the Roman Empire was divided between Latin and Greek areas, and the common understanding of this is skewed. We will write a custom essay sample on Church Split During Middle Ages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The date we are accustomed to assign to the fall of the Roman Empire was not actually the date of a sudden destruction of a country. In fact, what happened that year was the abdication of the last emperor of the Roman Empire of the West, with authority being reunited in the hands of the emperor of the Roman Empire of the East. And in theory, the Roman Empire continued with what we call the Byzantine Empire today, but what called itself the Empire of the Roman People at the time. For group of people in the East, who considered themselves the rightful administrators of law and Justice, to admit that they had lost control over the West was difficult enough, but in addition to that, the popes were demanding that they acknowledge the spiritual leadership of Rome, with increasing demands for political leadership as well. When Pope Leo Ill crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the West, in 800, it was not a religious issue, but it was a political issue that made the Greeks very upset. From the Greek perspective, Charlemagne and the Pope were usurping the authority of Empress Irene, who was ruling the empire at the time. When Emperor Michael Ill deposed the Patriarch Ignatius of Constantinople in 858, the Pope, Nicholas l, declared the action illegal and acted on his own authority to return Ignatius to his position. This caused further problems, and this time it was within the Church itself. In 1014, the Pope again tried to exert authority over the ishops of the East, interfering in a change they were making to the to the Nicene Creed. Right or wrong, this created more strain. The time of continual, simmering resentment continued, as the Popes continued to try to get the Greek bishops to accept the supreme authority of Rome, and the Greek bishops always tried to avoid doing this. Finally, in 1054, a group of legates excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople because he would not take an oath to acknowledge the supremacy of the Pope, and he retaliated by excommunicating them. Church Split During Middle Ages By brandyHK

Islamic Finance Research paper free essay sample

Islamic Finance is a financial system that doesn’t work like other conventional banking systems. It follows the Islamic law, Shariah, which doesn’t allow certain aspects of a normal banking system such as usury and speculation. There are some main principles to be followed in Islamic banking. First of all, it prohibits interest, or Riba. Riba is forbidden in Islam, and therefore Islamic banking system adopts the principle of profit and loss sharing. It also prohibits uncertainty, gambling, and prohibits certain products and industries such as alcohol and tobacco. Islamic Finance needs to be in accordance with the Shariah. All products and contracts follow Islamic principles that conventional financial systems do not, such as interest and risk sharing, and uncertainty. Conventional financial systems have never worked this way and it worked for them for many years until they were hit by the financial crisis. The crisis had a minimal impact on the Islamic financial systems because they did not comply with all the factors that created the crisis in the first place. There were 3 main factors in the creation of the financial crises. First, subprime loans, which was lending to certain people who did not have a good credit history and were bound to default. The banks than charged them with higher rates that increased their risk of defaulting. Secondly, there was securitization, which was creating securities from un-liquid assets. This process is used by banks to create securities from loans and other income producing assets, and then these securities are sold to investors. Finally, it was the credit default swaps that increased the effect of the crisis. There would be many different people having an insurance on the same house (for example both the lender and the borrower), which makes it that insurance companies at one point would have to pay more than the amount of just the house. In the case of the crisis, we can say that the Islamic banking systems would have avoided it. It would be a more suitable system in the sense that all of the reasons above that were the cause of the crisis, would not have been done if all the systems were Islamic. With a good implementation of profit and loss sharing, Islamic finance promotes fairness. Subprime loans would not have been allowed, and credit done with profit loss sharing would have avoided having so many people taking loans and defaulting in the first place. In Islamic finance, assets should back up all loans. Finally, Islamic finance is against insurance companies. They use another way where a group of people will all pitch in and put some money together in case someone loses their home or something important. In this case, people are helping each other and promoting safe economic needs. With an Islamic system, credit default sways would not have occurred because insurance companies are not allowed. So this 3rd effect on the crisis, which actually made things worse for everyone, would not have occurred. Islamic Finance is a system that could have avoided the financial crisis. Following the Shariah, there are many laws and regulations that are in fact for the benefit of the whole. The only problem is that we have been used to the conventional system and all of its principles and ways of working. The Islamic system seems harder to understand and to work with, especially for non-Muslims who do not have the same beliefs and therefore do not see why they should comply with it. Even Muslim believers, who follow the Shariah for their everyday life, do not all use an Islamic banking system. The benefits of this system do not look appealing at first, compared to the conventional system everyone is used to working with, but when you think about it, this new system could have avoided many troubles people are facing today because of the crisis. Maybe the crisis would have still occurred, but it wouldn’t have hit as hard. The current global financial crisis, also called the subprime mortgage crisis, has been the worst kind of crisis since the Great Depression. It started in 2007, with the collapse of many financial companies in the United States. The crisis started with people buying expensive houses they could not actually afford. It was an easy time to get a loan for housing. This caused the price of houses to increase, and financing firms gave subprime loans to borrowers who did not have a good credit history. The crisis did not only affect mortgage credits to risky borrowers, it also affected the banking and financial system. It has shown that conventional finance is vulnerable. Such a financial crisis would not have happened under the Islamic finance, due primarily to the fact that Islamic finance complies with Islamic laws, Shariah. Shariah prohibits most, if not all of the factors that contributed to starting this crisis. These factors include: negative relationship between borrowers and lenders, faulty and risky behaviors, asymmetry of information, and actions who lead to a deliberate underpricing of risk. With the crisis, Islamic finance is presenting itself as being a more reliable alternative to the conventional financial system. Islamic Finance is an expanding industry that is sustaining a secure and steady growth. The concept of Islamic finance started only 40 years ago, and was able to remain positively steady throughout the current financial crisis. Eventually, it is starting to appear more efficient and capable of bringing stability to financial systems. Economists and financial experts all agree upon the causes of the crisis, however finding solutions to the crisis is proving itself to be very difficult. Some think the market will repair itself on its own, others believe governments should intervene in the markets. For now, there is no long-term solution and no guarantee that an identical crisis will not happen again in the future. The only think that can be seen is that the crisis has shown that markets are not always efficient on their own. The aim of this paper is to try to find an alternative that would be able to bring back stability to financial markets. We will be analyzing Islamic finance principles and doing a cross-section with causes of the crisis in order to show how the crisis could have been prevented under an Islamic financial system. The Islamic finance industry is prosperous, with a market representing about 1000 billion dollars. Islamic finance is developing due to an increase in Muslim populations who are looking for Shariah compliant products, and also due to the efficiency of their products and their good performance in financial markets. For many, choosing Islamic finance is part of making ethical choices and having such values as trust, which is lacking these days in conventional finance. Under Islamic finance principles, it is forbidden to invest in sectors such as alcohol and gambling, and interest and speculation are prohibited. Investments are limited to such things as tangible assets, which makes it more secure. Islamic finance is going through annual growth rates of up to 20%, making it one of the fastest growing sectors in the finance industry. Both Islamic finance and the conventional financial system are there to assemble resources and allocate them into investment projects, but the basic principles behind Islamic finance are very different from those of the conventional system. The conventional system is much more based on making profit than the Islamic system. Islamic finance is primarily based on the principles of Shariah, which is a set of Islamic laws, which govern Muslim life. This system tries to assure that their financial products are compliant with the principles of Islam and its ethics. There are 6 basic principles of Islamic finance. 1. The prohibition of riba, which is interest or usury. In Islam, interest is prohibited and it is seen as wrongful earnings. 2. The prohibition of gharar, which is uncertainty. This means there should be no asymmetry of information and full disclosure in a contract. 3. The prohibition of investing or financing any sinful activity such as alcohol, pork, prostitution, and gambling. 4. Sharing profits and losses, which is risk sharing. The profits and losses are to be shared by all the parties in a financial transaction. 5. Materiality, which means all financial transactions need to be linked to a real economic transaction. 6. All financial transactions should not lead to the exploitation of a party. The financial crisis is associated with easy credit, debt, and speculation. Below is a table of the main factors that caused the current financial crisis: Its quite difficult to decide on one main factor that caused the crisis, but one of them is the bad lending decisions made that were driven by the need of higher profits. This was facilitated by the fact that government regulations were absent. This new way of lending was practiced for an extended period of time and caused damage to both lenders and borrowers. The question is why did banks change their lending norms even though they were aware of the risks and damage it could cause? Chapra explains that they were motivated by three leading factors which are lack of profit and loss sharing between lenders and borrowers, too big expansions in the size of derivatives such as credit default swaps, and finally the assurance that the central bank would help banks out in order to avoid a collapse. Every economic crisis is usually caused by bad credit. It starts with low interest rates, which attracts more customers for loans, and when the interest rates increase the loans arent repaid. For the borrowers low interest rates made it more affordable to get houses, which increased the demand. On the other hands, banks whose only motives where to make profit decided to make it easier for people to get loans. The problem got bigger when banks started to sell their customers on subprime loans, and when default risk started to be transferred by the creation of new complex products. Many Islamic finance experts believe the global financial crisis is especially due to the failure of morality and ethics, which is mainly caused by greed. They also consider it to be a failure in maintaining a good relationship between banks and their customers. Those who started subprime loans didnt effectively communicate the risks that were in hand. The current financial crisis has made it urgent today to completely reshape the international was financial systems work. So far, no one has been able to deliver an achievable long-term solution to the crisis. Maurice Allais, a Nobel prize winner and French economist was said to have warned against the consequences of such a crisis. He says that the best way to cure the system is by structural reforms that will prevent the crisis from happening again. He first proposes that interest rates should be 0%, and tax rate should be 2%. We can notice that this resembles very much the Islamic financial system. Under this system, interest is prohibited and requires that people should pay a tax of 2. 5% of yearly earnings, zakat. Muslim scholars think that Islamic finance â€Å"has the potential to become an alternative model for global system† (Ayub, 2007) . Islamic finance works under values such as fairness, justice, caring for future generations and the environment. Its purpose is to create a financial system that is fair for both the rich and the poor. The ultimate goal is to be able to spread social and economic justice. Taymiyyah, a highly respected scholar, says: â€Å"Hence, justice towards everything and everyone is an imperative for everyone, and injustice is prohibited to everything and everyone. Injustice is absolutely not permissible irrespective of whether it is to a Muslim or a non-Muslim or even to an unjust person. When we look at the causes of the financial crisis, we can notice that the underlying principles of Islamic finance show potential as an alternative to the conventional system. We first see that under Islamic finance, there are moral guidelines to be followed about how to deal with money. It works in order that money supply is always equivalent to real growth in the economy. We also notice that under Islamic finance, some activities are forbidden because they are harmful and unlawful. In such a system, there are no assets without risk and financial transactions are based on profit and loss sharing. Options, swaps, and speculation are forbidden under the principle of Gharar. The global crisis did have an effect on Islamic banks, however Islamic finance remained quite resistant compared to other financial institutions. If global financing followed the Islamic principles, the crisis would have never occurred or would have had a significantly less important effect. This argument is mainly based on the fact that most of the factors that caused the crisis are prohibited in the Shariah compliant financial institutions. A crisis that was due to subprime mortgage, poor evaluation of risk, use of complex financial instruments to shift the risk, speculation, and bad lending, could not have occurred under Islamic finance for many reasons: 1. Under Shariah law, debt shouldn’t be sold against another debt. A person is not allowed to sell or lease an asset they don’t own, and it is prohibited to sell debt and risky speculative transactions. All financial transactions are supposed to be fair and just, with full disclosure in contracts in order for the risk to be correctly assessed by all parties 2. Rather than being based on debt, Islamic finance is more based on equity. When they lend, all assets need to be backed up by solid assets. In this system housing loans would all have had to been backed up, which would have stopped the defaults on loans. This would therefore mean that in no way would defaulting, occurring under Islamic finance, affect other banking systems. In the conventional system, trillions of dollars were lent out without being backed up with assets, which was one of the main causes of the crisis. Under Islamic finance, this would have never happened. Muslims are expected to live within their means and what they can afford, and are not supposed to get a loan they are not able to repay just because the interest is low. There would be none of this because interest under Islamic finance is prohibited. 3. In Islamic institutions, it is very important for them to keep a good and trustworthy relationship between the institution and clients or investors. A high level of transparency is supposed to be kept, in order for the relationship to be an honest one. Both the institution and the investor open up to each other. The institution then knows when to give loans to those who need them and will be able to repay them through business activity that is known to the institution. 4. One of the causes of the crisis was the lack of regulatory control systems, which are supposed to help investors. Under the Islamic regulatory system, all parties are aware of all the opportunities and risks in a contract. Islamic banks have an obligation towards their investors of full disclosure and transparency. Full disclosure and transparency helps to control lending and enables a financial stability to take place. 5. Under Mudarabah and Musharakah contracts, with the concept of Profit and loss sharing, risk is easily managed. Investors can see the opportunities of gain as well as losses, which does not give place to speculation and uncertainty. 6. In Islamic Finance, the relationship between the institution and the borrower is seen as a partnership. Both parties have a mutual interest in the business transaction, which makes subprime and default shifting very unlikely to occur. Siddiqi says that â€Å"risk shifting is gambling†. Under profit and loss sharing, all parties will share the losses, whereas in risk shifting only one party will incur the losses. We can link Islamic principles with market failures to show how market failures could have been reduced, or even stopped under Islamic finance. Below is a graph explaining this: To conclude, it is hard to decide on one main factor that caused the crisis. There are many factors in cause such as bad lending done by conventional financial institutions, whose main goal was the returns. In this paper, we aimed to explain how the current financial crisis could have been avoided under Islamic financing. Evidence shows that Islamic finance is more stable, and a good implementation of this kind of financing could possible be a solution to the crisis and would not let another crisis happen again. This is simply due to the fact that most, if not all of the factors that caused or contributed to the financial crisis are prohibited under Islamic finance.