The Anatomy and Actions of the Knee Essay -- essays research papers

The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. The fibula is only involved to the extent that it serves as an attachment site for connective tissue. In this paper, the anatomy of the joint will be discussed. The knee is a hinge-type, diarthrotic, or freely moveable joint. Also referred to as a synovial joint, the 2 articulating ends of bone are encased in a capsule that lubricates the joint with synovial fluid to reduce friction. Each bone in a synovial joint has articular cartilage at the articulating surface. The C-shaped medial and lateral menisci serve to deepen the articulation at the superior surface of the tibia, thus enhancing the bony stability of the joint. Also adding to the joints stability are the two major pairs of ligaments: the cruciates and the collaterals. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments have a stabilizing effect in a lateral plane of motion, helping to prevent sideward displacement and over-rotation. The medial collateral attaches the femur to the tibia, also attaching to the medial meniscus. The lateral collateral attaches the femur to the fibula but has no attachment to the lateral meniscus. Both collaterals lie slightly posterior to the lateral axis of the knee joint and are taut when the knee is full extension. This positioning of the ligaments causes a slackness when flexion occurs, allowing medial and lateral rotation to take place. The cruciate ligaments are so named because of their cross-configuration within the joint. The anterior cruciate ligament attaches to the tibia on its anterior-superior surface, crossing through the joint from the medial side to its lateral attachment on the femur. The posterior cruciate ligament attaches on the posterior-superior aspect of the tibia, crossing diagonally and medially to its lateral attachment on the femur. The anterior and posterior cruciates protect against hyperextension and hyperflexion, respectively. The actions performed at the knee include flexion, extension, and medial and lateral rotation. Flexion is the bending of a joint so that the angle between the two bones decreases. The primary muscles that flex the knee are a group collectively known as â€Å"hamstrings.† The hamstrings consist of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. The muscles that assist in flexion are the sartorius, gracilis,... ...g  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Linea aspera on posterior femur, greater trochanter of femur Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral VASTUS INTERMEDIUS Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anterior and lateral femoral shaft Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of the knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral VASTUS MEDIALIS Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Linea aspera on posterior femur Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Patella and via patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity Action  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Femoral TENSOR FASCIA LATA Orig  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iliac crest (posterior to ASIS) Insert  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iliotibial tract (which continues to attach to the lateral condyle of the tibia)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assists extension of knee Nerve  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Superior gluteal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Comparison between Japanese and Canadian Central Bank Policies Essay

The present paper is an investigation of the central bank policies in the countries of Japan and Canada. The paper takes into examination Bank of Japan and Bank of Canada and explores the grounds on which similarities and differences, if any, can be noted. This study is a comparison between the central banks’ policies of both the countries. The structure of the paper overviews the banking system of both the countries then furthers with individual analysis only to bring a major comparison at the second last section. The paper discusses findings in the conclusion section and makes recommendations for future policy making and development. 2- Overview This section overviews the past, present of the two banks in the concerned countries. This is in the attempt of creating a base of the later sections that would be dealing with specific policy issues of the two banks. 2.1- Japanese Banking System Today Japanese banking system finds its foundational roots in the aftermaths of World War II and is still continuing to grow support for the financial and industrial organizations of the country. Ever since World War II, Japanese banking system has gone through a number of changes and adaptations in corporate behavior as well as in the shaping of economic and regulatory policies. The period that can be said to be the golden time for the development of the Japanese banking system is regarded to be from the early 1950s to the early 1970s. This was the time when Japanese firms were growing rapidly and needed financial backing and monetary assessment to hold solid on the corporate grounds. However, from the 1970s, some changes were experienced by this banking system and that solid position was shaken. Of the major reasons, international paradigm change in financial transactions, corporate behavior with regard to investment of funds both internal and external, (firms started issuing securities rather than borrowing from banks) and other such reasons can be said to be the causes for the shaking of such a strong banking system as was in Japan once especial up to the early 1970s. Up to the present day, in the Japanese financial system, bank loans still possess the dominant place as the external financing source for the corporate sector which is non-financial – until 1986 the borrowings done from private institutions were recorded to be more than seventy percent. Other such common services as issuance of bonds, client monitoring, cost monitoring for different services, and so forth are also found to be in practice in the Japanese banking system. As such, there is much more that is needed to be examined in this country’s banking system that makes it notable on the international horizon (Aoki, Patrick, & Sheard, pp. 1-15, 1994). 2.2 – Canadian Banking System The central banking system of Canada is also with its typical issues and challenges and up to the present time, these challenges have been multiplying for a number of factors. For example, nowhere in history general public was so much conscious about the evil unemployment and is now showing a hyper attitude which simply put the government and its financial institutions up front to the criticism. As such, the challenges are to make such financial policies as can help confront these challenges and move over them. Although the central bank of Canada did go through a long period of adjustments, say the depression period of the 1930s and later, Neufeld (1958) notes that â€Å"The constitutional adjustments experienced by the Bank of Canada were not as great as those of some older central banks† (p. 4). There are noteworthy reasons for this observation. For instance, beginning in the market, the bank was sponsored by the government leading to a stable position. However, political interventions and the bank’s responsibilities to cater for the needs or demands of the political party government continued to exist. The bank went through war crisis, financial instability, and social pressures like unemployment, all along its birth becoming an adult from an immature youth. At present the Bank is in a more favorable position to serve for the purposes of the government and perform its multifarious purposes with regard to financial activities along with the challenges. Some of the challenges that the bank faced during its stability periods were â€Å"serious foreign exchange outflows and phenomenal capital inflows† (212). The three areas, back in the stability phase, i.e., bond market, stock exchanges, and foreign exchange markets, have been tactfully established by the bank to create a positive picture of the overall economic situation of the country. Presently, the Bank holds a primary position in the decision making process of these three areas. Today, as a successful bank, the expert opinion about this bank is that it has dealt in the time of difficulty more with technique which was versatile than conservatism (213). The banking system of Canada is in a constant process of up gradation for better output; one such instance is the use of geographic information systems (GIS) technology â€Å"for a wide range of applications† (Macdonald, 2001, p. 419). Therefore, it is important to have a deep examination of the policies and practices of this bank so that the insider’s view can help others form such a system in any other country. 3-Policies of the Bank of Japan There are a number of policy issues that need to be revisited but for the limited space of the paper, only a few major are discussed. First of all, policies of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) have been central to critics’ attention due to a number of reasons but the most important is that it is one of the three G-3 central banks that have been reviewed in the past decades. The special features of BOJ are numerous. The most apparent, however, is its stance on deflation. Although BOJ was forced to take â€Å"a highly leveraged position† in local financial environment, it has taken no risk to fight the challenge. Moreover, it might have been possible for the bank to give in to a number of challenges that were created by deflation, however, the bank continued to survive with a number of different policies and measures (Cargill, 2005, p. 311). BOJ’s approach to monetary policy is pragmatic. The overall focus of this monetary policy is to maintain stability in price and encourage economic development. To meet these ends, the Bank monitors such areas as exchange rates, the aggregates of money, the indices of consumer and wholesale rates, growth of the GDP, production taking place in the industry, on-going interest rate in the market, prices of assets, and a number of other factors. It is also notable that in the functions of the Bank, international policy association and coordination can also play a role in the Bank’s domestic policy making. It is important to note that throughout its existence the BOJ has never come to stand as hardcore monetarist. Instead of this, the Bank has been treating the policy making of money more like a form of art. There are a number of methods by which the Bank lets its policies become public. The implementation of policies also takes a number of forms, for instance, â€Å"discoun t window† guides other financial institutions through loans etc. (Miller, 1996, pp. 1-47). By the late 1980s, BOJ held its position as positive in the eyes of the critics due to a number of policy making issues since WWII. Up to then the bank had gone through a number of remarkably shaky times coping up with such challenges as industrialization and establishment of it. By that time major characteristics of BOJ were its commitment to price stability and positive outcomes that came out of its policies. The most important point is that since its establishment, its legal position did not go through a change. Then it was the only bank rated as the most dependent of all the central banks in the world. Hence the notable feature is its keeping price stability instead of being a dependent bank. It also contradicted the widely acclaimed view that the more independent a central bank, the more price stability would be extended (Cargill, 2005, p. 311).   May 1989 is the period called the low point policy period of BOJ which continued through the year 2004. Here the bank increased the rate of discount in a number of steps that included historically low rate of 2.5 percent to 6.0 in the first stage of 1991. It was sternly a reaction against the asset inflation of the 1980s. However, the sharp recession and diminishing asset rate backed the bank to move for ease of policy in 1991 and the call and discount rates came down to 0.05 percent by the early 1995. Until it obtained the first â€Å"0 rate of interest† policy in 1999, the bank went on lowering call rate discount. It was drawn to a close in 2000. It came back to zero rate policy again in 2000 and moved on to a statistical easing down of policy in 2001 because declining economy alerted the authorities; moreover, it needed to adopt a different framework of operation for short-term rates on interest which had to be fundamentally zero (Cargill, 2005, p. 311). Although internationally, it is the reputation of the Bank of Japan that it has been moving too gradually in terms of the formation of monetary policy, fiscal policies, and resolving the issues present to it, there are important areas where this criticism becomes void. For example, Japan is often compared with the USA without considering the fact that former faced a great many more problems than the latter. Additionally, there are such instances as Japan’s tighter economic policy in 1996 that has much to discard this criticism (Browne, 2001, p. 3). 4- Policies of the Bank of Canada The Bank of Canada (BOC) is often criticized for influencing the level of price, jobs, and the development of its country’s economy. However, in the recent years the Bank has acquired a reputation that it is very concerned with keeping the inflation rate low so that it can make other ends meet for broader goals of economy. The Bank has also been charged with its acute concerns to inflation rate only and looking over such challenges as unemployment and economic growth. However, there are proponents of the Bank’s policies who come forward to defend the policies of the bank as they are presently in practice stating that if the focus of the Bank shift to the vice versa perspective, there would be no growth in economy and inflation rate will increase causing devaluation of the dollar. Vanderhart (2003) conducted an in-depth analysis of BOC’s response to inflation rate and other such concerns as unemployment, growth of economy, and other factors. The author found that there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the Bank of Canada’s response to economic data available on inflation is direct, â€Å"inflationary precursors as raw materials and intermediate goods prices are only significant when other important factors are omitted† (p. 357). But the author does not make it a remark that the Bank does not follow the procedures to pursue anti-inflationary policy. What the BOC has successfully achieved with regard to keeping control over inflation is that it responds to those factors which are other than â€Å"the releases of price level data†. Moreover, the recent policies also prompt to the suggestion that the Bank is taking measure to fight the challenge of unemployment. Two factors also came up to the author’s analysis that determined the actions and responses of the BOC. These are exchange rates and federal fund rate. The bottom line that the author draws is the there is little doubt about the health of the Canadian economy and the BOC is actively involved in the process of keeping this health stable. However, if some out-of-Canada issues are present, there may be some criticism on the Bank for example, its interconnection with the U.S. monetary policy because there are voices that might want a Canada which is independent of U.S. related economic policies (Vanderhart, 2003). If we review comparative analysis of Canadian economic growth with other countries (say Australia), there is sufficient evidence to mark the above observation that the Canadian economy has grown stronger than before and that such challenges as labor utilization has been carefully handled in the favor of the country. Harchaoui, et al. tell us that the growth of Canada’s real average income has large credit to a magnificent improvement in the way labor has been utilized, i.e. â€Å"the combination of high average hours worked and a high rate of employment in the total population†. In addition to this, capital deepening effect has also played an important role in the present stability of the Canadian financial outlook (Harchaoui, et al., 2005, p. 36). 5- Bank of Japan and Bank of Canada Comparing the policies of the central banks of Japan and Canada each gives us more insight. There are a few studies that have been done on the comparative analysis. In one such study, Tomljanovich (2007) informs that the central banks of these two countries (including banks of other countries, as well) are on a constant pursuit of having open dialogue with the general public and this is in the efforts of increasing efficiency and reducing volatility in financial markets. In the case of Canada, which comes in the category of a majority of interest rate maturities, it is found that there is greater predictability in terms of market functions because there is a high flow of information to Canada and this flow coincides with sub-periods simultaneously to lower interest volatility rate. However, Japan (as well as Germany in this study) appears to be the only country in which there is no such evidence of lower interest volatility. Moreover the study shows that the central Bank of Japan and the central Bank of Canada both moved to greater transparency measures in the 1990s which shows that both these banks want to progress on the modern lines (p. 791). As for the policies of Canadian central bank, it is evident that there is inclination of these policies to those of the U.S. There is no doubt that Bank of Canada has greater interests in keeping these ties with the financial environment of the U.S. monetary and fiscal policies. However, Bank of Japan has stood on a very different turf that is of independence with dependence and of unique regulatory framework of all policies handled ever since World War II. There is no doubt that government like Canada and Quebec recognize China and Japan for their strategic partnership in the region of Asia. For this the credit goes to Japanese ever-growing economic curve which in turn holds credit for the policies that the central banking system of Japan for a long time formulated, ran, and implemented successfully (Inomata, 2002, p. 259). 6- Conclusion Examination of the policies of central Bank of Japan and the central Bank of Canada in detail reveal that both countries have to face challenges that emerge from their specific environment. There are similarities and differences in the approaches of the Banks of both the countries. One acute similarity is that both countries have moved to greater transparency and are considered successful banks on the international horizon. Another is that Banks of both these countries are focusing more on interest rate and inflation level stability. For this purpose, however, the approaches of the two banks are different; both are putting efforts to fight the challenge of unemployment. As for the differences, Japanese bank is legally dependent, whereas, Canadian bank is independent; yet there is this sharp observation that Bank of Canada looks at the U.S. financial environment for policy making, whereas, Japanese Bank looks at its own typical challenges that need to be tackled on the international f ront. Another important thing which comes out from this study of the two banking systems in two different countries is that both function in their own environment and that it is not possible to find acute similarities in both the systems because of different financial and social outlook of the countries. This is important to look into more details in these central banks and banks of other countries as well so that a sound analysis about policy making and other measure against present and upcoming challenges can be met.

German Spelling When to Use s, ss or

If you first learned German before 1996, you may not be aware that the German spelling has undergone a number of reforms, changing the spellings of words you may be familiar with. For many German speakers, it was hard to let go of certain old spellings, but some German teachers may argue that the reforms have not gone far enough. For instance, it is still difficult for beginner students to sort out when to use s, ss, or ß in a German word. Keep track of when to use s, ss, and the infamous ß using this handy guide, but beware of the exceptions! Single –s At the beginning of words:der Saal (hall, room), die Sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸igkeit (candy, sweet), das Spielzimmer (playroom)Mostly in nouns, adjectives, adverbs and a few verbs when preceded and followed by a vowel:lesen (to read), reisen (to travel), die Ameise (ant), gesà ¤ubert (cleaned)​Exception and Examples: die Tasse (cup), der Schlà ¼ssel (key); some common verbs - essen (to eat), lassen (to let), pressen (to press), messen (to measure)After consonant -l, -m, -n, and -r, when followed by a vowel:  die Linse (lentil), der Pilz (mushroom), rà ¼lpsen (to belch)Always before the letter –p:  die Knospe (a bud), lispeln (to lisp), die Wespe (wasp), das Gespenst (ghost)Usually before the letter –t:  der Ast (branch), der Mist (dung), kosten (to cost), meistens (mostly)​Exception Examples: Verb participles whose infinitive form have a sharp -s. See the rule about using –ss or  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃƒÅ¸ with infinitive verbs. Double –ss Usually written only after a short vowel sound:  der Fluss (river), der Kuss (der Kiss), das Schloss (castle), das Ross (steed)Exception Examples:bis, bist, was, der BusWords ending in –ismus: der RealismusWords ending in –nis: das Geheimnis (secret)Words ending in –us: der Kaktus Eszett or Scharfes S: –ß   Used after a long vowel or dipthong:der Fuß (foot), fließen (to flow), die Straße (street), beißen (to bite)Exception Examples: das Haus, der Reis (rice), aus. Infinitive Verbs with –ss or –ß When these verbs are conjugated, then these verb forms will also be written with either –ss or –ß, though not necessarily with the same sharp –s sound in the infinitive form:reißen (to rip) - er riss; lassen - sie ließen; kà ¼ssen - sie kà ¼sste

Kabuki Theater in Japan

What is Domestic Violence Essays - 1749 Words

Domestic Violence Domestic violence is a pattern of physical and mental abuse and controlling behavior in a relationship and can happen to anyone, regardless of age, race, sexual orientation, religion, or gender; this type of abuse can have both short and long term affects and can cause physical, mental, and emotional pain. While abuse can happen to anyone, women are by far the most frequent victims and men are the most frequent abusers. The U.S. department of justice estimates that 95 percent of the assaults on partners or spouses is committed by men against women (Toby). Even though men normally abuse women, there are cases where men are victimized by their partners. Domestic violence is a major cause of injury to women between the†¦show more content†¦The abuser will find ways to make the victim feel that anything that goes wrong in the relationship is their fault. Soon after, if the controlling behavior exceeds the abuser will no longer trust the victim and they will soon get suspicio us even if the victim did not do anything; The abuser might get angry and not satisfied with the victim’s answer. The abuser will get increasingly frustrated and most likely will get physical at this point. The formation of a fantasy bond will encourages the attitude that one person can define or victimize the victim in some way. It also supports the idea that one partner has more control over the other. Therefore, the victim will most likely feel mistreated, and extremely angry towards the partner. There are two emotional dynamics that contribute greatly to domestic violence. One involves the destructive thought process that the abuser experiences both towards themselves and their partner, thoughts like one is not a man if they do not control their partner or maybe one thinking that their partner is making a fool out of them; Of The expectation that men should be strong, masculine, and more powerful than women can be very destructive to a man at risk of becoming violent. The shame triggered by the idea that they are appearing weak or unmanly can trigger some men to become enraged or toShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Domestic Violence?992 Words   |  4 Pageswhere they had a lot of power due to their social location and subject position. Although their social location does not change, their subject position changes drastically as they enter Canadian society. This is where we see poverty lead to domestic violence, which can be seen in the study for example, where people’s husbands who have previous experience as engineers come here and their credentials are not legitimized. They are then unable to find work they are specialized in, leading them to takeRead MoreWhat is Domestic Violence? Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesViolence is not a new thing, for centuries human beings have been violent one towards another. We as humans have to deal with different types of violence in every day life and some types of violence that we may experience are; child abuse , spousal abuse or domestic violence, violence directed towards elderly, sexual assault and harassment, professional misconduct, teen violence, murder is a act of violence, stalking in some way may be classified as type of violence. It is in human nature to doRead MoreWhat Are The Costs Of Domestic Violence?996 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are the costs of domestic violence? A United Nations report called â€Å"The Economic Costs of Violence Against Women: An Evaluation of the Literature† explores the economic impact on societies. The cost of domestic violence includes direct costs such as medical services, law enforcement, legal expenses, incarceration costs, mental health services, therapy, education and lost property. Social services, government programs and welfare add additional financial burden to the problem. Businesses experienceRead MoreWhat Are the Causes of Domestic Violence? Essays543 Words   |  3 PagesDomestic violence involves men, women and children no matter what kind of relationship the person may be in whether heterosexual or homosexual. Domestic violence victims are both women and men, although most victims tend to be women. It does not matter what religion, social class or ethnic class the person may be from it affects everyone. Domestic violence is defined as one person using any means to control the other person (www.medicinenet.com). It can include emotional, psychological, physicalRead MoreWhat Causes Victims Of Domestic Violence1257 Words   |  6 PagesWhat causes victims of domestic violence to stay? Every year in the United States, One in four women are victims of the domestic violence; however, this is only based on what has been reported to the department of justice (Stahly 2008). While men are also victims of domestic violence, women are more often the victims. Moreover, 90% of domestic violence is male initiated. In severe cases domestic violence ends with victims being murdered. More specifically, domestic violence resulted in 2,340 deathsRead MoreDomestic Violence and What It Takes to Break Free1301 Words   |  5 Pagestime!†, reports Lilly, a prior victim of domestic violence. Nevertheless, Lilly is not the only to have suffered from domestic violence. As a matter of fact, according to The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, â€Å"more than 1 in 3 women (35.6%) and more than 1 in four men (28.5%) in the United States have experienced rape, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime.†(2010, pg. 2) Many people find domestic violence difficult to understand because its usuallyRead MoreWhat Are the Perceptions of Domestic Violence Amongst Individuals Who Live in Western Sydney?6504 Words   |  27 PagesWESTERN SYDNEY RESEARCH REPORT: What are the perceptions of domestic violence amongst individuals who live in western Sydney? ------------------------------------------------- 101041 – Communication Research Spring 2012 Student Name: Ferah Arslan Student Number: 17530620 RESEARCH REPORT SUBJECT: WHAT ARE THE PERCEPTIONS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONGST INDIVIDUALS WHO LIVE IN WESTERN SYDNEY? ABSTRACT: What are the perceptions of domestic violence amongst individuals who live in westernRead MoreWhat crime affects one to four women in the United States each year? Domestic Violence. This crime1100 Words   |  5 PagesWhat crime affects one to four women in the United States each year? Domestic Violence. This crime is responsible for about 30% of female murders (Asher, Elba). Women need to comprehend the seriousness of this crime and know that there are laws to protect them so that they will not feel so helpless in any violent dispute. Domestic Violence has drastically increased over the years. Violence in the home is a concern for most. The most affected victims rather it’s emotionally or physically are womenRead MoreExplain what the CPS will do in domestic violence cases, and describe their role in the case up to conviction or equital?2388 Words   |  10 Pagesconvict as a result. The CPS will encourage police to use ACPO guidance to gather a wide range of evidence. 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Economic Brief Corporate Office

Question: Discuss about the Economic Brief for Corporate Office. Answer: Introduction: The overall study mainly helps in evaluating the current financial performance of the Blue Fin Hotel during the economic down turn. In addition, the novice effectively evaluates the situation and provides essential strategies, which could be used by Blue Fin Hotel to support its future endeavours. In addition, the study also uses HOTS simulation method to evaluate the impact of the strategies on financial performance of the company. The depicted strategies might eventually help Blue Fin Hotel to maintain the required sustainable growth during the economic down turn. Blue fin being a four star hotel mainly uses 150 guests rooms, two bars, health club, conference room, car parking and restaurant. Discussion: Depicting the current financial position of The Blue Fin Hotel: Figure 1: Showing the financial statement of Blue Fin Hotel (Source: HOTS Login. 2016) With the help of figure 1, the overall financial position of Blue Fin Hotel is adequate, as it has exponentially grown from first year of incorporation. However, the sudden investment approval and economic down turn in the economy could hamper future profitability of the company. Thus, effective strategies and implementation of HOTS simulation could help in achieving the required results for the company. Evaluating the short-term and long-term strategies that could be used by The Blue Fin Hotel: Short-term strategy: The overall short-term strategy, which could be used by Blue Fine hotel, is by providing higher discounts on their services to attract more customers. In addition, the increased discounts and schemes could eventfully help the hotel to raise their demand among potential customers. Moreover, this short-term strategy could mainly help the company attract the required financial income to support its future endeavours. In addition, the discounts could also help the hotel to support economic down turn that is expected to hit the financial market. In this context, Becerra, Santalo, Silva (2013) mentioned that providing discounts on services mainly help hotel to attract the number of tourists and corporate event, which might help in improving profitability of the hotel. Figure 2: Showing the discounts rate for Blue Fin Hotel (Source: HOTS Login. 2016) Reduction in training expenditure could also help in providing the relative boost in cash reserves, which could support the company doing economic down turn. In addition, reduced expenses might help in generating the required cash flow to support the investment proposal of the company. Amin Akbar (2013) argued that reduction in training expense might affect the overall quality of the services provided by the employees and increase customer complaints. Figure 3: Showing the training expenditure of Blue Fin Hotel (Source: HOTS Login. 2016) Long-term Strategy: The company could effectively adopt Social media advertisements and package strategy to support its long-term objective. In addition, these two strategies might mainly help the hotel to generate the required amount of customer to support its future endeavours. Moreover, implantation of social media marketing could eventually help the company attract customer from far end of the world. In addition, with the package scheme the company could also increase profitability during the lean seasons. Leung et al. (2013) stated that social media marketing is an effective tool, which needs low investment but has a great impact on the masses. However, Sanlioz Kozak (2015) criticises that social media marketing also increases the overall competition level, which might decrease customer base of the company. Figure 4: Showing the marketing expenditure Blue Fin Hotel (Source: HOTS Login. 2016) Portraying the strategies with the help of HOTS Simulation: Figure 5: Showing the cash flow and balance sheet of Blue Fin Hotel (Source: HOTS Login. 2016) The overall cash flow and balance sheet statement mainly helps in depicting the overall liquidity, which could be enjoyed by Blue Fin hotel during the economic turn down. In addition, the increased cash balance might mainly help the company to support its proposal for resort and casino Packers Palace. In this context, Kim Kim (2015) suggested that with the effective investment plan surplus cash reserves could be efficiently utilized, which might help the company to attain sustainable growth. Figure 6: Showing the quarterly graph of Blue Fin Hotel (Source: HOTS Login. 2016) With the help of short-term and long-term strategies, the overall revenue growth could be seen increasing, which might help in supporting the future endeavours of the Hotel. In addition, increased discounts and social media marketing could mainly help the hotel to attract the relative potential customer from all around the world. On the contrary, Moore, Boardman Vining (2013) criticises that increased discounts might negatively affect the profit generation capacity of the company, which in turn might reduce its overall liquidity. In addition, an increase in non-resident occupants could be seen due the implementation of the strategies. Figure 7: Showing the quarterly revenue and average room rates of Blue Fin Hotel (Source: HOTS Login. 2016) Figure 7 mainly helps in depicting the average room rate and revenue generated from the overall strategies developed for reducing the negative impact of forecasted economic down turn. Moreover, averaging the room rate from $120 to $160 could eventually help in generating the required revenue to support the activities of the hotel. Thus, a boost in later stage could be seen in revenue as the strategies starts to works. Gschwandtner Cuaresma (2013) argued that projected profits could be hampered if intense market research is not conducted on projects. Figure 8: Showing the staff turnover of Blue Fin Hotel (Source: HOTS Login. 2016) The recommended strategy to reduce training expenditure has mainly decreased the overall staff turnover, which mainly help the hotel to increase its liquidity. In addition, the increased liquidity might help in supporting the expansion plans of the company. Reynolds, Rahman Bradetich (2014) argued that without adequate training the required service quality could not be maintained, which in turn might reduce rating of a four star hotel. Summary: The overall study mainly helps in understanding the significance of strategies, which could be used by hotels in times of peril. In addition, the depicted strategies have effectively been used in a simulated environment, which has portrayed effective results. In addition, with the help of social media marketing, discounting schemes, reduced expenditure, and package schemes could eventually help the Blue Fin Hotel to reduce the impact of economic down turn, which in turn might help in supporting its integrated resort and casino Packers Palace plan. Reference List Amin, Z., Akbar, K. P. (2013). Analysis of psychological well-being and turnover intentions of hotel employees: An empirical study.International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies,3(3), 662-671. Becerra, M., Santal, J., Silva, R. (2013). Being better vs. being different: Differentiation, competition, and pricing strategies in the Spanish hotel industry.Tourism Management,34, 71-79. Gschwandtner, A., Cuaresma, J. C. (2013). Explaining the persistence of profits: A time-varying approach.International Journal of the Economics of Business,20(1), 39-55. HOTS Login. (2016).Bluemountains2.nethots.net. Retrieved 15 August 2016, from https://bluemountains2.nethots.net/TeamMain.aspx Kim, H., Kim, B. G. (2015). Economic impacts of the hotel industry: an input-output analysis.Tourism Review,70(2), 132-149. Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H., Buhalis, D. (2013). Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 3-22. Moore, M. A., Boardman, A. E., Vining, A. R. (2013). More appropriate discounting: the rate of social time preference and the value of the social discount rate.Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis,4(01), 1-16. Reynolds, D., Rahman, I., Bradetich, S. (2014). Hotel managers' perceptions of the value of diversity training: an empirical investigation.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(3), 426-446. Sanliz zgen, H. K., Kozak, M. (2015). Social media practices applied by city hotels: a comparative case study from Turkey.Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes,7(3), 229-241.

Value Chain analysis of Four Season Hotels free essay sample

The company has just recently included its website www. thebonbon. ie in January 2014 and is looking to expand its business outside of the Monaghan demographic area and is exploring the idea of taking their product outside Ireland and export produce to some parts of the world where the thousands have young Irish people have emigrated to in the last number of years due to the recession including USA, Canada, Australia and the UK. They are looking to stock all the relevant nostalgic products that the emigrants would miss while working and living abroad and have introduced a direct delivery service that will offer the overseas customer the opportunity to order the product and get it delivered right to their front door hassle free but with an added delivery charge . The company’s products range from jellies, toffees, boiled sweets, lollipops, sour sweets, chewy sweets, gum and chocolates. They also supply hampers for special events such as Birthdays, Valentines, â€Å"New Mums to be† and Wedding favour’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Value Chain analysis of Four Season Hotels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Purchases can be made online using VISA and Mastercard . The Bon Bon Traditional Sweetshop currently has no immediate competitors in Co Monaghan but would have a very formidable competitor in the Sweet Stop www. thesweetstop. ie which is based in Athlone Co Westmeath who also have a very formidable website and deal with customers worldwide with a vast range of products compared to The Bon Bon Sweetshop . In this essay I will endeavour to critically evaluate the website of The Bon Bon Traditional Sweetshop www. thebonbon. ie and try to communicate the positive side of the website along with the areas highlighted in the table of contents in which they need to improve, in order to compete efficiently with their competitors into the future. The Bon Bon Traditional Sweetshop has a very specialised range of product’s ranging from jellies to toffees, sour to sweet boiled sweets and they also cater for special occasions including birthdays, wedding favour’s and valentines gifts which can be made up of bespoke hampers designed and tailored to the customers discerning taste or a generic hamper that is available for viewing on their website.